Electrical system.



G. D. LANNING.

ELECTRICAL SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED DEC. 30, 1905.

1 9 l 1 6,4546% Patented Nov. 10, 1914.

r 3 SHEETS-SHEET l.

O. D. LANNING.

ELECTRICAL SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED DEO30.1905.

1 ,1 1 6,447., Patented Nov. 10, 1914.

3 SHEBTS'SHEET 2 O. D. LANNING.

ELECTRICAL SYSTEM.

APPLIGATION FILED DEC. 30. 190) 3 SHEETSEHEET 8.

1 1 qw, Patented NOV. 10, 1914' tutti-rt tpecifieetiou oi .tettcrs ltoteiit.

time ti iittil To all 'w/wm may coitccrri Be it known that l, ljitiiitlttjltfi if). liimwitite, e cities-ii of the Utiitotl titot s, residing tit Boston, it]. the county oi iihiitoilt, titrrte ot Msssztchusette, have interitecl to. improve ment in Electrical tijyetems, of which the following; description, in comiectioo with actuate& currents.

Where it voioe-o-ctusteti vtriohie resist since is eitipioyeci to tor}; the current tioW therethiroo'gh, tool to thereby prociuoc electricei undulations correeooiiclitig to those oi: the voice, the intensity oi? such undulations tor any given expenditure of voice energ will ordinarily clepenci upon the s rength of current liOW through the variable resistance and Where such resistance is diiiiphrs controlled, upon the excursion of the diaphragm or amplitude of vihretioii thereof remitting from such expenditure of voice energy. in creasing the intensity of current iiotvirig through the variable resistance, and i1'1CI'BiS- ing the amplitude of (liiiphragm vihmticrti, 'Wiii Within certain iimits increase the intensity oi? electrical imiiulotious, imii therefore the e'liiciiency of transformation of voice energy into electrical energy. it has been found, however, that the cu rrent iiow cannot be increased heyonii certain limits, tvit'hout injury to theelectroles ot' the vsriolole re sistance, anti this is particularly the cese with the tones of carbon microphones in present commercial use, it is also Well known that the diaphragm oloes riot lend itself Well to the reproduction oi the complex and delicate voice vihretioins, except ing as its natural period and an'ipiitude of vibration are kept Within certain limits rmci that any attempt-to exceed these limits re sults in it distorted oncl inei'licient voice re" production even though it may he accompooled by gain in intensity. lt will be obvious that this true, no mutter wl'lether such diaphragm is directiy voice controlled, in. the case of an ordinary transmitter, or whether it is iuclirectly cohtrolied through intermediate electromagnetic devices, as ill the case of: it repeater.

t' itit'eii ioti coitiprehentts to arrange-- meet oir' circuits such theft the intensity current flow whether it rcsistonce o1 otheir tmiosiiiittiog medium is empioyeti, ir ey he mointoiued Within proper limits; also ouch it when the transmitting meciiuiti is tiitiphieg to. controller thet the iiiaphrsgme employeoi may he of suitable etioi ueuzti proportions, yet the tmiistormzttion of voice energy into eiectricsi energy he flfiwiltlpttnitlt i h e merited gain in iutctts'itft My intention also compreheu geiieroi septic 'o'i'i iiiereit cilicieucy o'l prottucmg; rind repeating tele'ihone currents, for ietivc production oritl reproduction, so well so to rious iutztrtirueiiteiities coirryihtg these roetl'iotie into eiiect.

My iiit'eritioti Willi he Utlfiel"*tfititi hy reference to the iollo'wiogtg ciescrit Jiflli it hen to it. oomi i on with the sccotmpouyihgg ili1tStt;-tl0ti oi: one spociiie embodiment thereof, While its will he itiore perticw iurly pointed out in the opp-coiled claims.

ltetorrii t to the throwiugs liigure i shows (iiogrzttumsticeliy the application oiie ct my im'e .tion to itt' o-Wsy repester; Z, iiegrsmmoticitiiy shows the some its rijfipliccl to it ohc wey sho ts mo 'ticttion; i i piuu one to oi rcpeo tii'tgg iostr m ot suitable for u a iii the system iilu. uteri in Figs. 1 and *2; its 5 shows the iii sitie emit, tiori; Fig i) is it :ieotiori on the time e e in Fig", ti, looking toworti the *vuri hie resist MICE; 7 is it plum view potuoliy ioroiteo away and. partieilt section showing}; rlili erent tomb: ot tit statement; Fig. ti is s section in elevation oh the limo 8--lt, it 7, looitiiig toward the toriahis re. tence; i i if o, ohm, pertioll'y hroitcu ewey anti portioliy in l, of a modified. term of ios-itrurricut; i it shows s i er term of repeater, and; Fig. 'i'l shows it circuit arraiigemeiit' employing; theinstromeut illustrnteri it 10.

in the drawings, referring; particularly to Fig. 1, enci to the illustrated. embodiment of my invention there shown, It. and B conventional representations oi terminal telephone stations, adapted etch to he used either i1 sending or receiving: tiou, sud movitiecl respectit it with th i'li "ieiuitter.

iu'ocotcd,

ti t

Gil

itiO

i-vcntion uccti circuits, L and L. :In

' stunintermediate repcat- 1 are the exciting or receiving ,0 oi wound upon suitable cores and to cont ol respectively the moveme cf the clianln'agins, i), b and 4 2 as the uu'ig-nelism of tho-cores varies with the varying T0168 actuated currents (WCT the said line circuit. Eacliol tllesairl diaphraginsls suit-- ably conn r control through its move a v able resistance r, c, 0?, oi any suitable construction connected each in a branch of repeating circuit,-0Z, in the of which is the battery or other source of c ec'rrmnotlvc forces and the primary incluv ing coils, fancl f'. The said parts a, and c are intended conventional illustrations oi any form of variable resistance repeating device'althougl her" I show the same as diaphragm controllccl ole tron-magnetically actuated.

rel 1 main or. common is c atcu to tie primary is the secondarycozl 1n the line circuit L,'and

inductively related. to the primary f, is the" secondary g in the line circuit L.

Suitably connected in the line circuit, L; are the excitingcoils, izgffi and it, ,corre. sponding to the coils a, o and ufi'inthe line circuitL, and cooperating With said exciting coils are the (liaphragms, 2', 2'. and ifl'and diaphragm corn-rollerl variable resistances is, i and 4*, connected also in separate branches or" the brancheri'circuit d. i 4

if it beassunicd th'a'tA is the transmitting station. any voice caused variation in the coils are so, connects encrlfgy of the line circuit L varies the flux- 'of exciting coils and obvlouslv'causes the corresconding variation in each of the resistances c, c and c anol in, the currents flowing throughthc respective branches of the l ranclicd circuit d, each. branch circuit arlclirrfg the effect of its current variations to the resultant current variation in the main repeat ng circuit 11. T he effect of those current variations is cumulatively transmitted through the primary rclay coil, f to the seconrlar r coil 5/ in tlleline circuitL' and thcretliroug'h to tlisdistant receiving statio'nB, thesaid increased cumulative transmission. of the several variable resistances being-eil'eeterl through the aid of currents of normal and moderate intensity flowing tllTC-Llgii the individual circuits of the respect ive resistances and, when, as in the illustrated system, suchresistiances are diaphragm-controlled through tho aid of .dl!l-.

phragms which may be aml preferably are of proportions best suited for eliicient voice reproduction. In this articular form of repeater, the repeating e ect is also further intensifiecl'b v the action of the exciting coils, it. it and ii in the reccivin line circuitvL.

inc circuit L, for example,

'with a trans'mitter,- T, connected to 'tho send pulses, they will act in harinonywith the ,COlls a a and a and cause variation intheir rcspcctive resistances in the proper direction, to add also their cumulative effect 11 Jon the resultant resistance of circuit-(Z to t at ofjtl e resistances 0, '0' and a, to thereby cause a further increased variation in the current flowing through circuit (1.

The repeating or exciting coils for one station are preferably non-inductively re-.- lated to the repeating-coils for the other-stution, but nevertheless"cooperate-with such coilsin cumulatively increasing the'undul'ations in the common repeating circuit (1.. so

1. The exciting 01 I6C'iVlng coils maybe connected in series with'the line, as are the c01ls d, a and a, inthe l ne L, ormay be connectcd-in multip'le therewith, as are the v coils; it. h and lf'rn-theline L .It will be obvious that any voice producedenergy variations transmitted from the staJ-I tion Brwill be repeated throughthe circuits clescribecl and-the line L- t0 the receiverat the station Aina manner similar to the transmission from-tho station A to -the sta a lion B already describeithe exciting coils b, Jr and 11%, directly, causing change in resistance of the. circuit a and transmitting therefrom thefresultanti varyingimpulses to the circuit L through 'tho primary coil] fandthe econ'daryo; I

I may and hereindo, employ the-comw v denser-s Z and Z vin vser i'esrespective] with the line circuits L and L and alsoft e cir'- m cuiis m and 'n, the latter having" the condenser o in series therewith-1:0 link] or join together the two circuits in the manner, shown, thus providing, a unified arran .m'ent of circuits. I have also herein shown-1c:

the'two line circuitsrL and L inductively 1 related. through the equiwalued' induction manner the character-"of the wavoforrd vis preserved to a maximum extent, 'inasmmh' 'as' it is conveyed directly throu h the cir- I1 'cuits m, n.

It vis also'conveye'd t rou h tlio 1 repeating induction coils. p, p, and null)- is conveyed through the sand varia bl i r es srstances.

Referring saw to Fig. 2, 1mm choir; therein a oneway repeater, vthe-aotion-FM which will be ObVIOUSyiH ViGW of thejfomw going explanation; T e same is provided I ing circuit L, in usual manner from which? 12 the undulations are repeated to' the rec ei'vi v circuit, L, and the receivezgR; through-the repeating circuit, d operatively relatdjt'o 1 ,the circuit L bv means of the dia hr'agm that when or controlled variab e resistances" c,fc,' c, in'1'3u .rillMillllllllMWWWlllllwllllWlllllllllliilllllllWllllll iii branches of the circuit (Zr and eonrell ci by suitably magnets subject to em. when ihrough the circuit L.

resistances, s-meh re. 7 in nuhvuhml hut in se imraie and. iixrlepeml" em; circuits, from whim-h. lmwever, th s mid energy variations are emnnhitively "Leer smit'kecl in the circuit if. by he ieihieti e eie'iinn of: the pr'riaries r and I lhe eziicl 'variable reeiei'anee eireuii'e upon the enderies 'r em? 9* serially emmeeleci in the said line circuit L.

1H; will he ebvimie that while have (leseribecl my invention with reference to e variable resistance and e rliziphrr ie emitroliiiig the same aetuiiierl he the wire energy thrn h the interpesiiieii 0i ihe PiQCiZIUTililfil'ikklfi Gliflliillg memes 'iiiHBi" the same is applicable to Irena-shitting; el meme aetueteil direell v by the voice ener' without the interposition of any such (he vices, and to eleetroenzignetiwily i'ifii'ilzil'fiii producing: or reproducing elements. eme- "trollecl Without the interpeeiiien of 9. die phlegm.

it will rile-e he evident that while i have considered the current viirialien-producing? factor to consist of a Tnriahle resistance, my invention in certain of its features is; ripplieebie to conditions Whereeuehrnriniione are preiuee'ri er reprethlceii by eiemeezs other than variehie resistances.

Referring t0 Fig. eihave there shown a form mi repealing instrument which is Well. adapted for elfeeiive nee in the eyeiiei'n described, although not limiied in ilze e ezitim'i and ifs; mere. use therein. This Hieitrumeire the liiilfifi separate i'i ii; cent me "nets .9 'giirm'ialmi with QKCi m a, fiepieel for eonnee 'eii either in '1 or in ihe reeei lhhieh set of eeiie ee' iiireetiy rip 1 Waiting armature which. is; m vibrate e riimphrage-electrode ex fermiii gj a part 0,; the wriehie lee ehewn.

it is riesirehie in iraiismil; hire me' variations Oil the megnei, in the renewing circuit with elf-e least p we 0i eli'ort, and the miniature s is therefore 50 essoeieieci "WliJi'! i'zhe magnet core as provide a substantially compiel'e magnetic circuit interrupted only as is HQCQSSELEV t0 obtain suitably" "vibratory armature movement The magnet is preferably h'iitielly ereiteil end for this purpeee while if desired separate exciting); eoiie may he provided, herein the core is permanently magnetized. "tn provide e light or low initial liiehl periiiiiitieg; e ieW initial. pull upem the euture am]. e

ireiun The in: mm the I: et fern:

l3 ilillfiil'fli matures; SO11 iieiihle fame. ingy; zviih e ireiiieg; the phmiei The :iriimiiire shown is in Ijhe reieiwnlnr plate, preli'n'ebiy in". eliminate eihly current less, em: sui'lieienl' to prni'iiie 21 snii'nhie rm N for "the mngymeitie hm oi, the reremir .3' me, while M the same lime pres iii-1meinreeieetrmle structure rel and mi lew ii'ir-rtin.

iii; will he seen ti the iu'mziiiire in the 10W iiiii fiehi of the 11* hernia} to the 1 and in ii .fien (mile in :i I f'i-neiieeii i inerliie, 1 reh;

rmee: minhree i \J ih're her m the mee'iei.

in the ilhi iiii'zieeci is prnvhieii e eiiigie :eeiiigg eete 0i? eleeereriee eeiimg" he ini'erpeeeii hre'ee graiiuhi teriei such as carbon. .C pact imitri'm'ieet, While weer ple eennel he eerie enrnprieeu The manner eliiigirz'mmir i q The hark eleeiirmfh-i iively fixed e110 eu'ppme eeriehefiim ii ierime m were litising, and'is connected a oindn g post t ch projects exteriorly througn an lining.# for the exterior back wall of toe s eil'ectively insulated from the casing of the instrument. The fixed electrode may be of any suitable material, such, for example as herd polished carbon. in the illustrated form of instrument the vibratory electrode and the controlling diaphragm therefor are ,imited in :1 single composite structure consisting of the thin elastic disk 5 of'herd carbon, insulated from the casing and sethe movement of the electrode are all CG.

cored at its perimeter by the annular thread ed nut Obviously, if desired, the die-- pliragm may be formed of other substinees,

such mica, and the electrode formed seperetel r tliererrom, but preferably the two Whether formed separately or integrally are arranged to constitute a composite die.

delicate reduced connection between the armature and the diaphragm electrodestructure, permitting the. former to be, constructed with sufficient area endinass for the best magnetic efliciency without impairing the vibratory capacity of the letter. The di: rest and rigid connection oetween the elec trode end the armature provides tin-armature electrode structure one composite element having slight inertia and moving as 2.

unit in direct resgjonse to the vibratory pull of the magnet. r

The armature being attached centrally to the electrode-structure at the point of maxi mum movement thereof, tlie'pull of the net comes directly on the diaphragm at its center and therefore upon the most-"sensitive and responsive earl of the system. By locating the microphone axially inline l'i the resultant pull of the magnet, the pull of the latterfthe diaphragmatic pa l incident and act as coordinate tmnsmit magnetic undulations 'dire Ly the electrode andinoke the letter delicate responsive thereto.

"While it is ordinarily preferable to have the vibratory electrodes of several coopereting variable resistances move with reference to relatively fixed or stationary elco trodes, in order to obtain the full benefit of" the solid bzick effect it may sometimes be desirable Where such resistances-are used ted bushing whereby the electrode is in reoeeting nstruinents or for other pun e enge such vibl'utory elecliey octcooperetim with ref the other. In l lg. 7 have to shown an ins ranged rectilinearly 'alined receu ing magnets, wand it having cooperating armatures "a "14 5 respectively. The armature 26" is directly connected to the carbon dia phrugrn' and the other armature totlie opposing cooperating diaphra m u the "two cliepliragms being separated butconduc-t rely united vby the internosed' granulro: cerioon of loosely retained in the chamber e stationary casing. The receiving magnets with theirormetures'ere constructed upon the same magnetic considerations as L1 so so .olu m e 5.1-1) ion 0' lie inlo tffh" th dec t it strument shown in F1g. 4; and the connec tion of each armature to it'srespective diav pliragm and the construction of the latter are also edequotelydescrilied in connection with tee foregoin instrument so as to re.- quire no further dcswiption here.

The receiving magnets are adapted for 9e connection in circuits constituting separate ranches of the same line, as are the mag nets it and it" in Fig.1, or forinclusion in the separate line circuits of a two-Way re-' peater as. are the magnets 11 and h in Fig-.1;

or for any other suitable purpose, but perticularly where it is desired'harmoniously to impress the cumulative effect of current undulations in two circuits npona single circuit. The windings are preferably so connected that attraction of m magnet;- upon its armature is accompanied by attraction 'of the other upon its armature,-tue

cum'azietive effect. of the two instruments tlie'reby transmitted to, the .vermolc resistence Willi; out, however, anygmusual incrcesein the sensitiveness or size of each individual on pliragm. v

e In Fig. 9 there 15 shown an arrangement of receiv r roegnets similar to that shown llo in Fig: 7 a stationar resistance chamber the letter, however, being provided Witli reed or'stationery partition Wall J. supporting the'stetionery electrodes o and if, Whicn cooperate with t l fibre pliregnreleetrodes v" and 1) Ti: trument gives the r solid heel. ,eii eciof the sr -tion \electro=:le,

i? dig. it: 'li'aive shown an instrument receiving; magnets to those illustrated in K the ernieturesg however, osing rigidly eonnected to not upon same v-ililo-tor ;-clectrode. For this purpose the casing 20 is provided with a stationary electrode wand 1251 the vibratory diaphragm-electrode wi- The latter i135 the light connecting stem Qu with the armature w. The arms: 2:01 the magnet has its stem ri i'dl" trnnient'liming oppositely ar 75- "J ermetures 12o fiend-9,

connecte to the stem lo"- the min) 0r EYIHH'E'? 10, which dim), v fmmwl sheet aluminum. iiizimr) are H! mi M ii ifi iity wii'h mmpaciiw Uni: aippiiei'ntion of {he dimmed in 11 have a,

mm: light, maxim-in in order :0 reiliiiv i such :26; tniii H1891 in" this same employed as 21 two-way rc imiivzr imi; ween mm; Lied ii mu m sysiem Una ofifiwsa 3W0 iiissu-imm'iits. Tim

inii

pressed 0 the recai 'ing inagi'iclxsi upon heir reap9017iwe mass:

"mug

i m i but i; .1 mm.

Tie imphmm rmimtiiigg rims; mmhigv mcmmng itiiugn mm ii, mifipemiiing mm stami a meiiu 150i tin: mm .11 was stances imm'cead 1-. mats areal i: haw

its have shown (1215 may iiinsinmieiil, and that o iez. mppiiciitmiis and iii: iriw invention made without, departing from the ns camp? havniq; mi a variable i. vsu'iuiiiu i'c-sistzi'nm: 'tcimp mcnt having: 2; pim'aiiiy if 1 Hectrmius, a iiwviibie 41mph]? structure coiipm'niai'igx with with 0 vievimudvs, and 9., body if Mn" :1 rated granular cimcii'ivizin posed mivwmn the ciccti (if ciao heii'ig mm and momma 0300mm W mic-ting material siingiv cnnivzii 5 (in: maimini (W said SQVLJEM G, in n iieiephone sy \Vi'ilh a iine circuit, ti" in instrummii s at each wit} i" iii'u'iiie repeater cmngw'gii'ip," sistance meciium, {Efiil mi" 2 connection controlling; siziiii V Mice medium and in i'wzaiy the ti aiismitiing flex" at 0i: pair of similar mils wzcuir-ri: to the lmismiittin g instrmnm'it in i SHZE (and, Sfiidi variable 'i 3-i ;flfll mm ing in fnmilsiiiitiiiig mini insizrmmmi: iii; each 43nd in testimony Wheraif, mime t0 this s gi-ec'ific zimn izwn siima'ziiiiing Witcn s;- 

